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Tips

Note that these tips are called TIPS, not rules. In bridge, many recommendations are considered rules, when in reality, they are guidelines or rules of thumb, be they bidding conventions or card play observations.

6/9/08. If searching for a particular Tip, simultaneously press Ctrl-F, enter identifying text in the Find: box that comes up, then hit the on-screen, green-background Find button. ------------------------------
[9/5/08] On opening lead, if partner is marked with a stiff trump, there is little point in leading a trump from Kxx because neither of you will be able to continue the suit

[9/4/08] The figure to focus on during the defense is the number of tricks you need at any given moment to defeat the contract. Defense is based on this figure

[9/3/08] Sitting in front of dummy with length in dummy’s suit and a side suit (honor) winner, it may be necessary to take that side suit winner 2^nd hand high to avoid being squeezed later

[9/2/08] If you wish to induce the opponents to lead a trump, lead dummy’s short suit—even if you have nothing to trump in that suit

[8/28/08] Opponents can often be lead around like sheep. Whichever suit you seem to be intent on discarding is sure to be the suit they will attack once they get the lead

[8/27/08] If you wish to conceal strength in a suit in which you have all the honors, at least pretend you are taking a finesse

[8/26/08] In notrump, when an opponent leads your long, concealed suit, but a suit in which you have a loser or two, duck the trick. Opening leader will often continue the suit

[8/25/08] When you want an opponent to cover one of your honors, play your higher or highest equal honor. When you do not want an honor covered, play your lower equal

[8/24/08] Good defenders, like good declarers, play the cards they are known to hold as soon as possible

[8/23/08] If you receive an opening trump lead and hold a solid suit, win with the Queen to conceal your strength. You are known to hold the Queen because people don’t underlead the trump Queen

[8/18/08] When a lead marks you with a specific card or cards, play those cards as quickly as possible, providing it does not cost you a trick

[8/17/08] If you suspect there may be a foul division in a side suit, the safest way to cash winners in that suit is to lead TOWARD those winners. Do not lead the winners outright

[8/16/08] When each hand has a long side suit, it’s usually right to set up the hand with the longer side suit

[8/15/08] The weaker the side suit that you are establishing, the less likely you are to draw trumps initially. The general rule is: side suit first, trumps later

[8/14/08] Before crossruffing a hand, count the number of trump tricks you think you can score. This count tells you how many side suit winners you need to cash first

[8/13/08] If the previous play has marked you with a particular card or cards and you have a chance to make several discards, try to discard the cards you are known to hold

[8/12/08] If you are running a long suit and have to make several discards, it is a good idea to make your 1^st discard in a suit you wish to encourage the opponents to discard

[8/11/08] Before running a long suit, make sure you have enough safe discards to make. If you don’t, develop the necessary number of outside tricks BEFORE running the long suit

[8/10/08] You can pick up oodles of extra tricks by tempting players to cover an honor with an honor even though you are NOT planning to finesse

[8/9/08] When you have a nine-card trump fit missing the Queen and one opponent has preempted, play the preemptor’s partner for the Queen

[8/8/08] If the opponents lead through an honor combination in dummy facing a void in your hand, you have a chance to take a “free” finesse as long as you have other entries to dummy

[8/7/08] When you have to choose which finesse to take between two suits each missing the King, play the Ace of the longer suit. If the K doesn’t drop, take a finesse in the shorter suit

[8/6/08] With two finesses available and a Queen missing in each suit, if you cannot afford to lose a trick, play the AK of the longer suit. If the Q doesn’t drop, take a finesse in the shorter suit

[8/5/08] With a choice of two finesses—one in a long suit, one in a short suit—take the long suit finesse first. With the long suit established, you may not need the short suit finesse

[8/4/08] With 10 trumps between your hand and dummy missing the King, take the finesse. However, if you can use the King as a throw-in card to force a losing return, play the Ace

[8/3/08] If a defender declines to ruff one of your winners, he is either void in trump or, more likely, has a strong holding which he does not want to weaken

[8/2/08] When an accurate defender (playing standard attitude) signals encouragement with a high spot card, he denies the spot card directly above, e.g. a signal with the 8 denies the 9. So, as a defender, signal with the highest card you can afford, which means the top of a sequence, not the bottom, not the middle

[8/1/08] If a player does not make an obvious play, he probably has a key honor from which he fears leading

[7/31/08] If the opponents adopt an active defense when dummy has a threatening side suit, assume the side suit is breaking evenly

[7/30/08] Against good opponents, when RHO fails to double a high level cue-bid or a Blackwood response for the lead, assume LHO has the important missing honor(s) in that suit

[7/29/08] In notrump, holding AKx(x) in your hand facing all small in dummy, win the 1st trick with the K. Winning the Ace arouses suspicion. If that were your only stopper, why didn’t you hold up

[7/27/08] Bottom line tip on the danger hand in notrump: to retain your health, arrange for the danger hand to play second, not fourth, when taking a finesse

[7/26/08] In notrump, it is almost always right to attack your longest suit to develop extra tricks. However if “time” is a factor, you may have to work with a shorter suit

[7/25/08] When the problem appears to be forging re-entries to your hand, you can open lines of communication by leading a singleton early in the play

[7/24/08] When the unbid suit is not led, the two most likely reasons are: (1) the opening leader has the Ace of the suit without the King; (2) the opening leader has a strong lead in another suit

[7/2308] If you have bid two suits and wind up in your second suit, a trump lead usually indicates that the opening leader has strength in your first suit

[7/22/08] If you are missing the AKQ of a suit that has been bid to your left and not led, assume the AQ is to your left and the King to your right

[7/21/08] If the opponents do not lead a suit in which you are missing both the Ace and the King, assume the honors are split or RHO holds them both

[7/20/08] A jump to 4♣ or 4♦ after an opening bid of 2♥ or 2♠ describes a strong two-suiter: the unbid major plus the bid minor. The jump is not forcing but is highly invitational

[7/19/08] A four-level cuebid of a 3♥ or 3♠ opening shows five cards in the unbid major and an unknown five- or six-card minor

[7/18/08] A 3-level cuebid after a 2♥ or 2♠ opening bid asks partner to bid 3NT with a stopper in the opponent’s suit. The cuebidder normally has a long, solid minor

[7/17/08] A cuebid of a minor-suit preempt is for the majors

[7/16/08] A jump overcall after an opponent has preempted—in the range 2♥ - 3♠—is invitational, not preemptive; you don't preempt over a preempt

[7/15/08] Doubles through 4♥ are for takeout. A good reason to remove a double of 4♥ is a long spade suit

[7/14/08] Never just signal encouragement when you can afford to overtake; partner may be leading a stiff. Exception: you want partner to lead a different suit and therefore discourage

[7/13/08] After you open the bidding and your LHO doubles and partner redoubles, any subsequent double by either you or your partner is a penalty double—even at the one level

[7/12/08] A 4^th seat weak two bid should contain 10 to 12 High Card Points (HCP)

[7/11/08] A 4^th seat preempt shows a near-opening bid since, with a weak hand, 4^th seat can pass out the deal

[7/10/08] The best preempts are the ones with a strong suit and no outside strength

[7/9/08] A player who preempts in a minor seldom has a 4-card major. At least that's the way it was in the "old days."

[7/8/08] The discard of an honor denies a higher honor and shows one or more lower but equal honors—but not around trick 12 and especially not if several discards have already been made

[7/7/08] High-level preemptors almost always have a singleton; be wary of their opening leads. If the singleton isn’t lead, assume the preemptor also holds a singleton trump

[7/6/08] As declarer, when you hold a 2-suited hand, it is usually right to establish the side suit first

[7/5/08] When the opponents (including dummy) must win a trick in a suit, it often pays to give it to them as quickly as possible

[7/4/08] Hands with 4-4 in the majors should respond to a double by bidding spades 1^st to facilitate rebids. Doubler should not expect 5-4 distribution. Doubler should also note that a spade bid does not deny hearts, but a heart bid does deny spades. Considering implications such as these can only help your bidding.

[7/3/08] Holding a weak suit (to be concealed) and needing to give up the lead early in a side suit, do not draw trump 1^st. You may give an opponent a chance to make a revealing discard

[7/2/08] Before drawing trump, decide where you want to end up. Don’t surprise yourself

[7/1/08] A player who leads a short suit seldom has the Queen of trump. Play RHO for the Queen

[6/30/08] If RHO bids a suit and LHO leads a trump, LHO has either 1) a flat hand with honors in each suit, or 2) Axx in partner’s suit and fears you have the King, or 3) short-term memory problems

[6/29/08] If an opponent passes after long consideration, you should probably pass too

[6/28/08] Red on red, black on black—especially at the end of the night when everyone is nodding off

[6/27/08] Do not play an honor if it cannot win the trick or cannot promote a winner for yourself or partner

[6/26/08] If there is only 1 lie of the cards which will allow your contract to succeed, assume the cards lie that way

[6/25/08] With KQ10 in hand opposite rags in dummy, play low to the queen first, not the king—you hope to avoid a guess later by misleading the defender with the ace sitting over you into thinking his partner has the King, and therefore it’s right to take the Ace

[6/24/08] On opening lead vs. no-trump, if you hold a very weak hand, prefer NOT to lead a major that partner could have conveniently indicated at the 1-level

[6/23/08] Lead trumps when your side is known to be strong in the three side suits

[6/22/08] If the opponents bid and support a suit to the 2-level and then pass, re-open the bidding with a delayed overcall, delayed double or delayed 2NT

[6/21/08] When the bulk of your high card strength is in your short suits, or is opposite partner’s known short suit, prefer to play in no-trump

[6/20/08] If you have a strong trump fit (or a self-sufficient trump suit) and no losers in the 1^st three rounds of any suit, you are likely to win all 13 tricks

[6/19/08] In response to a takeout double, 1NT shows 7-9 HCP, 2NT 10-12 HCP, and 3NT 13-16. These promise 1 stopper, often 2. (Over 1♥/1♠, DOUBLE, you may shade 1NT to 5-6 HCP.)

[6/18/08] After a 2-suited cuebid, the bidding may proceed without partner responding. If the bidding comes back to you dead, pass with 8-11 HCP, double with 17+; with 12-16 you should have overcalled

[6/17/08] After a 1♥ or 1♠ opening, a direct overcall of 2NT shows the minors (5-5 or 6-5) with 8-11 or 17+ HCP. With 12-16 HCP, overcall in diamonds and bid clubs later if feasible

[6/16/08] Split 2-suited overcalls into 3 HCP ranges: (7 or)8-11, 12-16, 17+. With the 1^st, cuebid and pass partner’s bid; with the 3^rd, cuebid and bid again. With 12-16, overcall the higher suit

[6/15/08] When a 1 or 2 level takeout double made by your left-hand opponent has been converted to penalties, “redouble” by either player is a cry for help

[6/14/08] A reopening bid of 2NT after the opponents have found a major suit fit is a minor suit takeout

[6/13/08] Jump bids in the balancing seat are constructive, not weak. A jump in a suit shows a six-card suit with 12-15 HCP

[6/12/08] In a competitive auction, do not make a premature penalty double with an undisclosed fit for partner. First, show the support, then double if the opponents persist

[6/11/08] After an opponent’s 2-level overcall, with stopper(s) and 10-12 HCP, respond a non-forcing 2NT. With 13-16 HCP bid 3NT

[6/10/08] After partner opens and 2^nd hand overcalls 1NT, bidding a new suit, jumping in a new suit, or jumping in partner’s suit all show weak distributional hands. Double to show strength

[6/9/08] After partner opens and second hand overcalls 1NT, double for penalty with 9 or more HCP. You have them out-gunned unless you frequently open light, including Rule of 20 openings. In that case, tread a little more lightly, but mostly rely on partner to pull the double.

[6/8/08] Be aggressive in the early stages of the auction. Bidding has a way of getting out of hand. Waiting in the bushes is for hunters, not bridge players

[6/7/08] Low level penalty doubles of suit contracts, or low level passes of partner’s takeout doubles, are based on trump length and strength, not high card points

[6/6/08] When you fail to double a Blackwood response, you warn partner that you have no great interest in that suit being lead

[6/5/08] The double of any artificial bid is a penalty double and strongly invites the lead of that suit. Do not double an artificial bid if you are likely to be on lead. It will probably help declarer more than the defenders.

[6/4/08] Opener’s rebids after partner negative doubles a 2-level overcall: 2NT shows 14-16 HCP; 3NT, 17-19; non-jump bids show minimums; jumps are invitational; the cuebid is a game force

[6/3/08] When most of your strength is in the opponent’s suit, avoid a negative double. It is very misleading. Either bid notrump or pass

[6/2/08] A negative double followed by a 2NT rebid shows 10-12 HCP and is invitational, not forcing

[6/1/08] After partner opens 1♣ or 1♦ and second hand overcalls 4♠, 4NT is for takeout. Blackwood doesn’t exist after a minor suit opening and a 4♠ overcall

[5/31/08] After partner responds to your Stayman bid, ask for Aces by bidding 4♣, keeping 4NT as quantitative. This is one of the few times 4♣ is used to ask for aces when the previous bid was not 1NT or 2NT.

[5/30/08] As a passed hand, after an intervening overcall, the cuebid substitutes for the limit raise. The jump raise becomes preemptive

[5/29/08] A passed-hand 2NT response shows a balanced 11-12 HCP and denies a singleton. A 1 or 2 level response followed by 2NT shows the same strength but may contain a singleton

[5/28/08] A balancing 2NT bid by a passed hand is “unusual,” showing 7-10 HCP. After a major suit opening, it shows the minors. After a minor suit opening, it shows ♥s plus the other minor. If you have ♠s, just bid them.

[5/27/08] A passed-hand jump response to an overcall shows a 2-suited hand—the suit you are bidding and partner’s suit

[5/26/08] Do not open with a beneath game preempt holding two Aces or one Ace and two Kings. You have too much defensive strength

[5/25/08] There is no bridge law stating that you must use Blackwood to arrive at a slam. Two balanced hands facing each other seldom, if ever, use Blackwood

[5/24/08] After you open 1NT or 2NT and partner invites slam with 4NT, pass with a minimum. With a maximum and a 4-card minor (or 5-card major) bid that suit at the 5-level. (You need 5 cards in a major because you assume partner would have Stayman’d with a 4-card major.)

[5/23/08] Bid conservatively with “aceless wonders.” Bid aggressively with solid suits

[5/22/08] Don’t “invent” a reverse with 5-5 distribution. Open the bidding in the higher-ranking suit. When you reverse, the 1^st bid suit is longer than (not equal to) the 2nd

[5/21/08] In response to partner’s 1-level overcall, a 1NT bid shows 8-11 HCP, 2NT shows 12-14 HCP (and is not forcing), and 3NT shows 15-18 HCP

[5/20/08] Jump raises of overcalls are preemptive (thus the need for cuebids), promising 4-card (or more) support, 3-6 HCP, and usually a singleton, especially when vulnerable

[5/19/08] After opener rebids 1NT, a new lower ranking suit by responder is not forcing and shows an aversion to playing in NT

[5/18/08] As responder, do not bid a new suit (i.e., a 2^nd suit for you) at the 2-level with less than 11 HCP unless opener’s rebid was 1NT. Over 1NT, your new, lower ranking suit is not forcing; over any other rebid by opener, it is.

[5/17/08] A direct response of 3NT to a 1-bid shows 16-17(18) HCP and denies a singleton. However, responder’s rebid of 3NT shows 13-15 HCP and may contain a singleton

[5/16/08] A direct response of 2NT to a 1-bid not only shows a game-going 13-15 HCP but also denies a singleton. However, responder’s 2NT rebid, showing an invitational 11-12 HCP, may contain a singleton

[5/15/08] With 5-4-4-0 distribution, open 1♠. If partner responds 2♣, your void suit, rebid 2♥, not 2♦. If you rebid 2♦, you deny 4 hearts

[5/14/08] Over an opening 1-bid, a direct natural response of either 2NT or 3NT denies a singleton; a 1NT response may contain a singleton—or even a void!

[5/13/08] Playing a 15-17 HCP NT range, do not raise 1NT to 2NT with 8 HCP and 4-3-3-3 distribution. Ditto for a 16-18 HCP range with 7 HCP

[5/12/08] When pre-empting, count tricks not points

[5/11/08] The player who makes a pre-emptive bid should not be the player who takes the sacrifice

[5/10/08] Be aggressive in the bidding with fitting hands; be conservative with non-fitting hands

[5/9/08] Generally speaking, do not compete for a part-score at the 4-level

[5/8/08] Do not allow the opponents to play a suit at the 2-level unless you have length and strength in that suit

[5/7/08] After a major-suit takeout double, with 4 of the other major and an opening hand, cue bid their suit in case partner has a strong hand without your major but with their suit well stopped. Partner should recognize your cue bid does not deny 4 of the other major.

[5/6/08] Do not commit yourself to 3NT until you have made sure a major suit game is not feasible; 4 of a major is usually the easiest game.

[5/5/08] Rescue partner once but not twice; this typically applies on misfit hands whether doubled or not; don’t be a hand hog and don't be a masochist--let him/her suffer the agony of defeat

[5/4/08] When partner shows a void and you have a strong trump fit, there are only 30 relevant points; try cue bidding vice Blackwood (worthless unless you know partner’s void)

[5/3/08] When the bidding has reached the 5-level in a competitive auction, tend to defend rather than bid on

[5/2/08] On a competitive part score deal, push the opponents to the 3 level; unless your side has 9 trumps, let them play there (or so says the Law of Total Tricks)

[5/1/08] When you are missing 2 non-touching honors, e.g. King & Jack, it is normally superior to finesse first for the lower honor

[4/30/08] Make a mental note of declarer’s likely point count during the bidding; as soon as dummy appears, count dummy’s points. You now also have an estimate of partner's likely point count, even if he didn't bid.

[4/29/08] Make a mental note of declarer’s likely distribution during the bidding; continually refine that estimate as play goes on

[4/28/08] Do not cover an honor with an honor if partner is short in the suit led (yes, you need to be counting the suit) and you have no clear-cut card of your own to be promoted

[4/27/08] Keep track of the tricks needed to defeat the contract; be guided by the number of tricks needed to beat the contract and the number of tricks potentially available in any particular suit

[4/26/08] After Blackwood 4NT, asking for Kings via 5NT guarantees your side has all the Aces (or all Keycards). 5NT shows interest in a Grand Slam, ergo you must control all suits. While this is an asking bid, it also tells partner your side has all the controls, in case he/she can push on when you can't

[4/25/08] Bid the Grand Slam Force (normally a jump to 5NT) after a Blackwood response by bidding 6♣ vice 5NT or some other 6-level bid. Exception: if your agreed suit is ♣, 6♣ is to play

[4/24/08] Against a “Flannery” ♥ or ♠ contract, a trump lead is usually best

[4/23/08] With the top 3 honors split 2 opposite 1 and tenaces on both sides (10 in one hand, 9 in the other) first play an honor from the hand with 2 to preserve tenaces in both hands

[4/22/08] When switching to a spot card in a different suit, the size of the spot card conveys your attitude to partner. Switch to lowest card = return this suit. Switch to higher spot card = no interest in this suit

[4/21/08] Keep length with declarer if you can win a “long” card in the suit; if both you and declarer have length, partner probably won’t (yes, this is often hard to tell since declarer’s hand is hidden)

[4/20/08] Keep length with dummy if you can win a “long” card in the suit; if both you and dummy have length, partner probably won’t

[4/19/08] Unlike defenders, declarer attempts to win a trick with the highest of equal cards not the lowest

[4/18/08] When cashing winners in a suit (held jointly by you and dummy), keep a tenace (if any) intact as long as possible in case the finesse is revealed to be a sure thing

[4/17/08] Lead trumps when the opponents are playing in their 3^rd or 4^th bid suit—do you smell a cross ruff?

[4/16/08] Lead trumps when one opponent has shown a freak 2-suiter and the other has given a preference

[4/15/08] Lead trumps when declarer has shown a 2-suiter and you (or by inference partner) are strong in declarer’s 2^nd suit

[4/14/08] Lead trumps against sacrifice bids; if your side has the strength, the opponents must be planning a cross-ruff or ruffs in the short trump hand; lead trumps at every opportunity

[4/13/08] Do not lead a singleton trump; exceptions: 1) partner passes a 1-level takeout double, 2) partner penalty doubles a suit at the 1-level, 3) partner’s 2-level penalty double is based on trump length, 4) versus a sacrifice bid

[4/12/08] Holding trump length, lead (side-suit) length; if declarer has 5 or at most 6 trumps, he may lose control after being repeatedly forced to trump

[4/11/08] Do not sacrifice on flat hands; when partner preempts and you have a weak, distributional hand with a fit, it’s sac time; if you’re weak without a fit or weak without shape, PASS

[4/10/08] With 8 cards in a suit between both hands, including the A, K and J in one hand, normally you finesse for the Q on the 2nd round of the suit; lack of entries may dictate otherwise. If you do have a shortage of entries to the "facing" hand, get in the habit of cashing the A as soon as reasonably possible.

[4/09/08] With both a 5-3 fit and a 4-4 fit, prefer the 4-4 — the 5-3 side suit should provide 1 or 2 sluffs, the 4-4 side suit never will

[4/08/08] When dummy has touching honors, wait until the 2nd one is led to cover—declarer may not be finessing or may even have a stiff

[4/07/08] When the sole outstanding trump is higher than your highest trump, leave it out. Exception: dummy has a long solid suit to run and no outside entry

[4/06/08] If partner doubles a “normal” slam contract in a suit, he’s asking you to make an unusual lead. This is called a "Lightner" double, named after its inventor, Ted Lightner.

[4/05/08] Lead toward weakness in dummy unless a) dummy has no entry/is void in the suit, and b) you’ll be finessing yourself. Let declarer work out the need and the means for a coup.

[4/03/08] Leading through strength is better if that strength is broken, not solid. I strongly believe the rule-of-thumb should have been worded: lead through broken strength. If there is no broken strength, leading through solid strength is better than leading through all small. These guidelines are for use in the absence of a signal/bidding from partner.

[4/02/08] In 3^rd seat play/win the lowest card of a sequence; you deny possession of the immediately lower touching card/honor.

[4/01/08] If partner rates to be broke, leading a stiff will likely be futile: in a suit he’ll never get in to give you a ruff; in NT, even if he has length, he’ll never get in to cash long ones.

[3/27/08] Playing high-low in the trump suit shows 3 cards, not an even number, as it does for the side suits.

[3/25/08] On the blind opening lead versus a suit, avoid underleading an unsupported Ace, i.e. you don't also hold the King. Avoid it even if partner bid the suit in response to your takeout double. Once dummy is in view, it’s easier to know if the underlead is warranted. One time you might risk it is when you are certain dummy holds the King and both opponents have at least 2 cards in the suit.

[3/25/08] From 10xxx lead low; from 109xx also lead low; presuming this is “your” suit, partner needs to unblock his honors.

[3/19/08] From Jxxx lead low; from J10xx also lead low; presuming this is “your” suit, partner needs to unblock his/her honors. Note, leading from Jack empty 4th against NT has been known to cost a trick; strive to avoid doing so.

[3/11/08] From 10xx lead low, but from 109x lead the 10; you’re hoping this is partner’s suit but you don’t lead an unsupported honor (or semi-honor). With 2 honors start unblocking.

[3/8/08] From Jxx lead low, but from J10x lead the J; you’re hoping this is partner’s suit, but in the 1st case you don’t lead an unsupported honor, while in the 2nd you start to unblock. One case for leading an unsupported honor is when you're not getting in again, and winning the trick may allow you to make the fatal switch or continuation.

[2/29/08] Without defensive bidding, doubling 3 NoTrump (NT) tells partner, the opening leader, to lead dummy’s 1^st bid suit; you should be 99% sure leading this suit will beat 3NT.

[2/28/08] When holding the Jack and partner leads the King (from KQ10—watch out for King from AK), play an encouraging card--as high as possible playing standard attitude, low playing upside-down attitude-- to show possession of a supporting card, in this case the Jack.

[2/22/08] When holding the 10 and partner leads the Queen (from QJ9 presumably), play an encouraging card to show possession of a supporting card: the Ace, the King, or in this case the 10. If you're fortunate enough to hold both the Ace and the 10, it may be right to play the Ace. Do not woodenly play an encouraging card. Be sure to consider the entire suit and the whole hand before playing.

[2/17/08] At NoTrump (NT), leading an Ace asks partner to play his/her highest card in the suit. You (normally) have 4 of the top 5 in a 5-card (or longer) suit; you find out whether to continue the run of the suit (the missing honor has appeared) or switch for partner to gain the lead and lead through declarer's known honor. If partner cannot have an entry, it may be best to continue the suit regardless.

[2/10/08] When partner leads the King from AK (or the Ace from AK if that's your method--and the preference of most experts), the Queen promises the Jack (or it's stiff); you’re saying partner can reach you by underleading his/her other high honor. If partner does underlead the other honor, the card led should be suit preference for your return.


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